Hawliau Dynol a Thai

Pam fod Hawliau Dynol yn Bwysig ym Maes Tai

Mae hawliau dynol yn ceisio gofalu bod pobl yn cael eu trin gyda thegwch, parch, cydraddoldeb, urddas ac annibyniaeth yn eu profiad dydd i ddydd o wasanaethau cyhoeddus.

“lle, wedi’r cwbl, y mae hawliau dynol cyffredinol yn dechrau? Mewn llefydd bach, yn agos at gartref – mor agos a mor fach nad yw’n bosib eu gweld ar fapiau’r byd. Ond eto nhw yw bydau’r unigolyn: y gymdogaeth lle mae’n byw; yr ysgol neu goleg lle mae’n mynychu; y ffatri neu fferm neu swyddfa lle mae’n gweithio. Dyma’r llefydd lle mae pob dyn, dynes a phlentyn yn chwilio am gyfiawnder cyfartal, cyfle cyfartal ac urddas cyfartal heb wahaniaethu. Os nad oes gan yr hawliau hyn ystyr yn fanno, does ganddyn nhw lawer o ystyr yn unman.”  Eleanor Roosevelt

Deddfau sy’n gwarchod Hawliau Dynol:

• The Universal Declaration of Human Rights  1948 
• European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) 
• UN Convention on the Rights of the Child 
• UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
• The 1951 Refugee Convention and 1967 Protocol 
• The Human Rights Act 1998 
• Equality Act 2010

Landlordiaid Cymdeithasol Cofrestredig a Deddf Hawliau Dynol 1998 

Mae Landlordiaid Cymdeithasol Cofrestredig yn dod o dan Deddf Hawliau Dynol 1998 yn nhermau eu swyddogaethau sydd o natur cyhoeddus (dyrannu, rheoli a terfynu ar dai cymdeithasol). Mae hyn yn gysylltiedig ag achos carreg filltir yn 2009 (Weaver vs. London a Quadrant Housing Trust) lle dyfarnwyd fod y darparwr tai dan sylw yn cyflawni swyddogaethau cyhoeddus, at ddibenion Deddf Hawliau Dynol 1998 yn nhermau dyrannu, rheoli a therfynu ar dai cymdeithasol.

Mae hefyd yn bwysig nodi ei bod hi’n ofynnol bod unrhyw gyrff sy’n comisiynu neu’n darparu gofal iechyd neu gymdeithasol yn cydymffurfio â Deddfa Hawliau Dynol 1998.

Adnabod perthnasedd Deddf Hawliau Dynol 1998 i’r gwaith rydych chi yn ei wneud:

Bydd prif gysylltiad darparwyr tai gyda Deddf Hawliau Dynol 1998 yn dod drwy’r erthyglau canlynol:

• Erthygl 6 (yr hawl i gael penderfyniad teg ar hawliau dynol)
• Erthygl 8 (sy’n cynnwys yr hawl i urddas ar gyfer cartref),
• Erthygl 14 (mwynhad Hawliau’r Confensiwn heb wahaniaethu).
• Erthygl 1, Protocol 1: yr hawl i fwynhad heddychlon o eiddo personol a diogelwch eiddo.

It is important to note that Article 8 does not normally give anyone a right to a home or to any particular form of accommodation but instead contains a right to respect for a home that a person already has.

In housing the different articles are normally engaged in areas relating to homelessness and allocations (in terms of process rather than a right to a home), access and suitability (adaptations and repairs and condition of home), antisocial-behaviour and hate crime (impact on victim due to ineffective response or failure to provide support to perpetrator) and termination of tenancies (evictions etc.) Gypsies and Travellers may also look to engage with the Human Rights Act 1998 when local authorities have failed to meet their needs or they are required to move from an unauthorised site.

The Equality and Human Rights Commission in their Human rights at home – Guidance for social housing providers (2011) has developed a useful list of questions that can help you assess the relevancy of different articles:

“Article 2: Could it lead to a loss of life, or hamper your ability to respond to a threat to life?

Article 3: Could it result in physical or mental harm, gross humiliation or indignity for a person? Could it leave a person in inhuman or degrading conditions? Could it hamper your ability to respond to this treatment by a third person or to investigate allegations of such treatment?

Article 5: Could it result in a restriction on a person’s liberty?

Article 6: Does it involve a decision which might determine a person’s civil rights, such as rights under a contract?

Article 8: Could it undermine a person’s enjoyment of his or her home? Could it interfere with a person’s privacy? Could it lead to sharing of a person’s personal information? Could it interfere with a person’s right to spend time with family members and enjoy family life? Could it damage a person’s reputation? Could it damage a person’s dignity, or physical or mental autonomy? Could it interfere with a person’s correspondence? Could it stop you protecting a person’s home against external interference, such as anti-social behaviour or environmental problems?

Article 9: Could it restrict a person’s ability to practise or live according to his or her religion or beliefs?

Article 10: Could it restrict a person’s expression of ideas, opinions, a person’s artistic expression, or a person’s access to information?

Article 11: Could it restrict a person’s ability to associate with others, to join and leave organisations, or to demonstrate?

Article 14: Could it have a negative impact on some people or groups in relation to an area protected by a Convention Right? Could it distinguish between people on the basis of a personal characteristic, such as gender, disability, or homeless status, in relation to an area protected by a Convention Right?

Article 1 of Protocol 1: Could it result in someone losing their property, or restrict the way in which they enjoy or use it?”

Cynnwys Ymagweddiad Hawliau Dynol yn eich gwaith: 

Cyflwynodd Canolfan y GIG ar gyfer Cydraddoldeb a Hawliau Dynol gyflwyniad mewn Seminar Tai yn 2010 a eglurodd sut y gall darparwyr tai ddatblygu Dull Hawliau Dynol ar gyfer y gwaith y maent yn ei wneud er mwyn helpu:

• Gwella ansawdd y gwasanaeth
• Cynyddu gwasanaethau sy’n canolbwyntio ar yr unigolyn a gofal
• Osgoi cwynion
• Gwneud penderfyniadau gwell
• Ymgysylltu yn fwy ystyrlon

Dogfennau defnyddiol:

• Human rights at home – Guidance for social housing providers (EHRC, 2011)
• Pre-Action Protocol for Possession Claims by Social Landlords (Ministry of Justice)

Briffiau Ymarfer Da Tai Pawb

• Tenancy Breakdowns – Equality Considerations (November 2013)
• Housing’s role in Tackling Hate Incidents and Hate Crime (December 2010)

Gwefannau gyda gwybodaeth pellach ar hawliau dynol:

• Equality and Human Rights Commission
• British Institute of Human Rights
• NHS Centre for Equality and Human Rights
• Liberty